Development and Evaluation of Integrated Pest Management Strategy against Sucking Pest Complex of Cocoa, Theobroma cacao L.

Polyphenols in cocoa ( Theobroma cacao L . )

Polyphenols have gained much interest recently due to its antioxidant capacity and possible benefits to human health such as anti-carcinogenic, anti-atherogenic, anti-ulcer, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, immune modulating, anti-microbial, vasodilatory and analgesic effects. Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a rich source of polyphenols and reported having high antioxidant activity than teas an...

Integrated pest management.

Integrated pest management, in which the conventional pesticides are augmented by one or more nonchemical control practices, has been receiving renewed interest. What is new in this revitalization of an old technique is the careful and more knowledgeable application of a variety of control techniques.

Integrated Pest Management

Research and development on IPM was initiated in Pakistan in the 70’s. However, efforts to implement IPM at the farm level did not bear fruit. A major obstacle has been the mindset at the policy level to increase crop production to feed the ever-increasing population. Pesticides became a major instrument of increasing production leading to ‘pesticide treadmill’ situation. Although IPM-FFS “Veha...

Integrated pest management.

Integrated Pest Management

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has had a varied history, with different definitions. It has been implemented under an array of different connotations (Lewis et al., 1997). The term was earlier used as ‘‘integrated control’’ by Bartlett (Bartlett, 1956) and was further elaborated on by Stern and co-workers (Stern et al., 1959). In reference to the concept of integrating the use of bio‐ logical...